{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/901zc7td4z/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["\"The Changing Congress: Foreign Policy: Whose Affair\", 1965"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/029/original/uo-logo-hires.png?1580744881","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Coll 001 (Collection Call Number)","Coll001_24_011 (Digital Object ID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["sponsored by Congressional Quarterly Research, produced by Jim Karayn for National Educational Television (NET) (Abstract)","16mm film, 800 ft., b\u0026amp;w, sound (Physdesc)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1965 (Creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://scua.uoregon.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/673682"]}}],"summary":{"en":["sponsored by Congressional Quarterly Research, produced by Jim Karayn for National Educational Television (NET)","16mm film, 800 ft., b\u0026amp;w, sound"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Oregon Libraries"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Oregon Libraries"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/029/original/uo-logo-hires.png?1580744881","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/261/343/small/001-24-011.mp4_1738359612.jpg?1738359613","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 001-24-011.mp4"]},"duration":1751.744,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/261/343/small/001-24-011.mp4_1738359612.jpg?1738359613","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-universityoforegonlibraries.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/261/343/original/001-24-011.mp4?1738359607","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1751.744,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AUTO_TRINT_001-24-011.mp4 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnnouncer:\u003c/strong\u003e The following program is from NET, the National Educational Television Network.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=14.04,21.84"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWayne Morse:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did Americans ever get the idea that foreign policy under our Constitution belongs to the President of the United States?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=21.84,31.62"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoseph McCaffrey:\u003c/strong\u003e Wayne Morse, Member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The sharpest critic of administration policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=31.62,38.07"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Ball:\u003c/strong\u003e I think from time to time there have been actions taken by the Congress which have impaired the full effectiveness of of some of the efforts we may have been making.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=38.07,48.15"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoseph McCaffrey:\u003c/strong\u003e George Ball Advisor to the President. Key Administrator of American Foreign Policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=48.15,53.11097"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Aiken:\u003c/strong\u003e And I might add that the influence of the Congress over the foreign policy of the government is not at a high point right now. In fact, it's been rather low.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=53.11097,64.98866"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoseph McCaffrey:\u003c/strong\u003e George Aiken, senior Republican in the Senate, plainspoken Vermonter on the Foreign Relations Committee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=64.98866,70.58406"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoesph Clark:\u003c/strong\u003e But I would say it would be almost impossible for the Congress to take the lead itself in formulating overall foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=70.58406,78.92535"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoseph McCaffrey:\u003c/strong\u003e Joseph Clark, liberal spokesman for congressional reform, newcomer to the committee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=78.92535,82.96648"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBourke Hickenlooper:\u003c/strong\u003e We don't get consulted so much on the takeoff on these things, but along the line someplace we get, we get to go along for the ride, at least for the landing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=82.96648,86.09769"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoseph McCaffrey:\u003c/strong\u003e Bourke Hickenlooper, ranking man on the committee After 18 years, the voice of Midwest conservatism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=86.09769,100.71"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Pastore:\u003c/strong\u003e We have been fully apprized. I mean, the American public should be assured that anyone who wants to know the facts in the Congress of the United States can get them very easily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=100.71,110.37"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoseph McCaffrey:\u003c/strong\u003e John Pastore, Member Appropriations and Atomic Energy Committees. Staunch Administration Loyalist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=110.37,127.0"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnnouncer:\u003c/strong\u003e The National Educational Television Network Presents a study in nine parts on the issues and conflict confronting the nation's lawmakers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=127.0,137.82"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnnouncer:\u003c/strong\u003e The changing Congress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=137.82,154.56"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoseph McCaffrey:\u003c/strong\u003e Reporter Joseph McCaffrey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=154.56,167.54855"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoseph McCaffrey:\u003c/strong\u003e Today's debate over foreign affairs echoes countless of others that have reverberated through these corridors of the United States Senate. Its members have argued long and fervently over the great issues of war and peace since our government of divided powers was established. Treaties, alliances, military and economic commitments all have involved action at some point by the legislative branch. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee, for example, did much to push President McKinley into the war with Spain. To block President Wilson's plan to join the League of Nations to lay the groundwork for the United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Alliance and other great steps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=167.54855,212.94576"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoseph McCaffrey:\u003c/strong\u003e But today, the committee and the Congress are again beset by doubts as to their power and influence over American foreign policy. Our distinguished and representative cast have explored these doubts in the course of individual interviews with our correspondent William Korns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=212.94576,228.9994"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWilliam Korns:\u003c/strong\u003e Senator Pastore, there have been a number of members of Congress who are not privy to the information available to you as a member of the Appropriations Committee or the Joint Atomic Energy Committee, who have complained about the lack of information on United States foreign policy. The suggestion has even been made that perhaps there should be a question period during which the secretary of state would appear on the House floor or the Senate floor to answer the questions of all members.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=228.9994,260.36"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Pastore:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you know, the paradox of that or the irony of the question that you raised now lies in the fact that there are many people who think that the president is exposing himself too much and being briefing the members of Congress too much. You're getting the criticism the other way. Sometimes I think we've been over briefed as far as that's concerned, because we go down to the White House and we get a briefing. And, of course, naturally, we might have had the same briefing up here by the secretary of state the day before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=260.36,285.38"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Aiken:\u003c/strong\u003e I think that President Johnson in say, for the last few months takes his action first and then advises the Congress what he's been doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=285.38,295.78813"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBourke Hickenlooper:\u003c/strong\u003e Senator Vandenberg used to say in connection with his foreign relations activities and his relations with the State Department and the administration, He used to say, well, we're always in on the landings, but we're very seldom in on the takeoffs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=295.78813,308.66004"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Ball:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, that has been true on occasion. But I should say that that Senator Vandenberg himself almost started a new era in and relations between Congress and the executive and the leadership that he gave toward an effective bipartisan foreign policy. And by and large, the effort has been made ever since by whatever president, whether President Truman or President Eisenhower, President Kennedy, President Johnson, to keep Congress currently advised as to developments so that Congress is not simply brought in on the crash landing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=308.66004,344.81"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Pastore:\u003c/strong\u003e I mean, there's no excuse on the part of anyone to say I'm not involved. If you want the information, you can get it very easily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=344.81,350.9"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Aiken:\u003c/strong\u003e No, not for the last three years. Not particularly on the Southeast and Asian affairs. We've had many members of the executive branch of government come before us and purport to brief us. But as a matter of fact, they have told us information which I considered erroneous. And we don't get much prior consultation until action has been taken by the executive branch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=350.9,378.08"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Pastore:\u003c/strong\u003e I could pick up the telephone now on my desk and call up the secretary of state. And if he's there and I have a problem that I'd like to discuss with him, I know that I will be received if he doesn't have something more important to do. Like to say to answer a call from the White House. I could go right down now and talk to Dean Rusk about any problem I have. And if he's not as familiar with it as one of one of his subordinates, he'll introduce me to him and I can sit down and talk to him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=378.08,407.42"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Ball:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think any of us feel that we are wasting time if we're talking with members of Congress and appearing before congressional committee. Of course, it's it's a very it does demand a great deal of time. But this is a part of the system and it has to be made to work effectively. And in a country such as ours, with a government such as ours, it's an indispensable part of the system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=407.42,430.04"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoesph Clark:\u003c/strong\u003e We can get what we want. Sometimes we have to go out and ask for it. But I don't think there is any serious failure of communications between the executive and the legislature in the field of foreign policy. There is this which I rather strenuously object. I think there is a tendency to over classify information which comes down from the White House and the other executive agencies so frequently we're given information which I think is in the public interest to release. But we're told as a matter of executive privilege, we can't use it. And this is a rather, rather significant disability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=430.04,465.95"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWayne Morse:\u003c/strong\u003e You know the sad thing about those reports is? They're marked secret or top secret or confidential. And you the people can't read them. And I, as your representative, can't tell you what's in them because then I would be violating the doctrine of privilege. Let me tell you what they do let us to see, let us see. They don't let us see very much, but what they do let us see at the Pentagon and State Department and White House level that's marked top secret, secret and confidential, 85% of it, minimum, never should have been so labeled. Just putting that label on it doesn't justify keeping it from the American people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=465.95,506.28535"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Pastore:\u003c/strong\u003e We have been fully apprized. I mean, the American public should be assured that anyone who wants to know the facts in the Congress of the United States can get them very easily. Now, there are some things you can't discuss publicly. There are some things we shouldn't discuss publicly. Yes, we believe we are an open society. We believe in a fair, free expression of news. But on the other hand, we've got to understand one thing, that when it's critical and classified, what you tell the American, you're telling to someone in the Kremlin as well. And there are some things that we have to keep to ourselves if we want to keep our security.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=506.28535,539.88369"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWayne Morse:\u003c/strong\u003e Here is a principle that I'd have you never forget. In a democracy, there is no substitute for the full public disclosure of the people's business. And to you fellow Americans, let me say your government is concealing from you great bodies of vital information that you're entitled to know about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=539.88369,562.28469"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoseph McCaffrey:\u003c/strong\u003e Government concealment. On May 7th, when President Johnson called members and half a dozen congressional committees to the White House, he told them he wanted another $700 million for the war in Vietnam and right away. But to those listening, his explanation of what he wanted raised other doubts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=562.28469,586.04709"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003ePresident Johnson:\u003c/strong\u003e This is in no way a routine appropriation for each member of Congress who supports this request is voting to continue our effort to try to halt communist agression. Each is saying if the Congress and the president stand before the world and join determination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=586.04709,607.62"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Pastore:\u003c/strong\u003e We must have been about 150 from the House and from the Senate and the president, of course asked for this $700 million, which, of course, was passed by the House, a vote, I think a 408, my memory serves me correctly, 408 to 7. It was passed in the Senate with only three dissenting votes. And the president laid it on the line. He made his position clear. He told us what his foreign policy was with regard to to the south of                                                                         Vietnam and that situation there. And the fact that the vote was overwhelmingly in his favor pretty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=607.62,643.8"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Aiken:\u003c/strong\u003e Meant the Congress agrees with what he is doing, what he plans to do or what he has done, but nevertheless, that Congress does not want to turn down the president of the United States because that would put us put him in bad note with foreign countries. And after all, he is our representative. So we just can't turn him down whether we agree with what we're doing or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=643.8,669.6"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWayne Morse:\u003c/strong\u003e He shouldn't have used that vehicle. He was very frank and honest with the American people. He said he didn't need the $700 million dollars. He told us that in the Blue Room in a briefing the day before he sent up the bill. He didn't need the $700 million because he has the authority to transfer funds. But he was using this as a vehicle to put the Congress once again in a position of giving him or denying him a vote of confidence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=669.6,700.35241"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoesph Clark:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, yes.I have a choice. And it was a very difficult one too in connection with Vietnam, there being a protagonist of the Johnson administration, having supported the president in his campaign, having, as I thought, seeing the American people repudiate Goldwaterism and John Foster Dullesism. We suddenly find ourselves confronted with a situation where perhaps because of course things have changed or maybe despite the fact they haven't changed, if we're asked out of loyalty to the administration to cast a vote for a pretty belligerent policy. I decided to do it. I did it with a heavy heart. It was a very tough decision to make. But my conception was that within the role that a senator on the Foreign Relations Committee who generally speaking believes in the administration policy, they was layed down the Democratic national platform and in the last campaign. But I can be more useful as the one who stays on the team but doesn't hesitate to say his word. Then to break contact the way a couple of my colleagues have done and go out on an all out attack on the administration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=700.35241,772.41"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWayne Morse:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, one of the most amusing things in the debate was to listen to what I called the reservationists  senator after Senate, particularly some of our liberals. They're remarkable people, these liberals. You'd be surprised how easy it is for them to compromise their principles and bend the knee at the altar of political expediency. Why not give the president a vote of confidence? This was the lingo of the reservationist. We've got to back our president. Since when do we have to back our president or should we? When the president is proposing an unconstitutional act? And so these reservationist said that although I'm going to back my president, I've got I want to show him I have confidence and I want a warning. I'm not giving him a blank check. This doesn't mean this doesn't mean that I don't expect him to consult me in the future. This doesn't mean that the president can go ahead and send additional troops over there without consulting me, a senator of the United States. And, you know, I most respectfully use language that they understood. So that's just nonsense. I said I want to say to my colleagues in the Senate, you're being consulted right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=772.41,848.94"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoseph McCaffrey:\u003c/strong\u003e How our presidents have handled were discussed by Undersecretary of State George Ball and our correspondent William Cohen. Ten years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=848.94,858.785"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWilliam Korns:\u003c/strong\u003e President Eisenhower has started something of a fashion by asking Congress for a joint resolution supporting his position in Formosa and we've had other requests from other presidents, most recently with respect to Vietnam. Why have our presidents asked for this kind of...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=858.785,876.14"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Ball:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think this has been a developing technique that has been required as we have moved into this era of being a great power. And it was during Wilson's term of office that America did become, for the first time, a power with world responsibilities. And I suspect it was Wilson's view that Congress was merely an auditor who looked on the books after the books had been closed, and that one didn't consult with Congress because one didn't consult with his auditor or one didn't take the advice of his auditor that led to the exclusion of Congress from an active participation in the events that led up to the League of Nations and therefore perhaps were attributable to some extent, the failure of the league. Now, in the years since, as we have moved in, since the First World War, but more, more even to a greater extent since the Second World War. We've developed a number of new techniques for improving the quality and the effectiveness of consultation with Congress. And this one that you mentioned, this technique of of having a national debate on a great national issue and expressing that in the form of a resolution which sets the broad lines, that gives the president authority to do what he has to do in the emerging situations. This has been one of those techniques. The Formosa of resolution was the beginning of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=876.14,951.74"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Pastore:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, look, President Eisenhower didn't have to come before our committee or before the Congress. And as for the Formosa resolution, he didn't have to do that. But he did. We did. The president didn't have to come before the Congress and ask for the Middle East resolution, the Berlin resolution. But he did. Now, this shows the unanimity that I'm talking about. This shows that united front that we must have. Now, that doesn't necessarily mean that every member of Congress agrees with it. We don't expect that. We can't hope for that. And maybe it's good that we don't have that so that we remain on an even keel. It's always good to have a dissenting voice, provided that small dissenting voice does not take over the leadership and lead us down the road of disaster.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=951.74,1001.98204"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWayne Morse:\u003c/strong\u003e Congress violated its constitutional obligations in connection with the Formosa resolution, in connection with the Middle East resolution, and now, on two occasions, in my judgment, has violated its constitutional obligations in respect to the issue in Asia. For these these resolutions and these votes of confidence really are votes that result in backing an undeclared war. You can't justify an undeclared war. Under the Constitution, this very simple elementary principle of constitutional law in our country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1001.98204,1040.38"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBourke Hickenlooper:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, well, from a practical standpoint, once a decision or a policy has been taken by an executive in foreign affairs, it makes it very difficult for congress to repudiate. The executive head of our government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1040.38,1062.92"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Pastore:\u003c/strong\u003e But the leadership, of course, has to come from the White House, from the presidency. And the president under our Constitution, is not only the president of the United States, he's the commander in chief of the armed forces of the United States, and he is responsible for the security of this nation. And it was under that context and under that provision that Truman went into into Korea. And it is exactly under that context that that President Johnson only recently ordered the Marines to land in the Dominican Republic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1062.92,1092.94096"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWayne Morse:\u003c/strong\u003e I mean, really, Mr. Kline's very quickly answer a dogma, a shocking fallacy that has swept American public opinion by thinking of millions of Americans. Where did Americans ever get the idea that foreign policy under our Constitution belongs to the president of the United States? You hear it said all the time, well, you mustn't interfere with the president's foreign policy. There isn't such a thing as a president's foreign policy legally. We got a president's foreign policy now, but it subverts the Constitution under our Constitution. Foreign policy belongs to the American people, not to the president of the United States. All the president of the United States is is an administrator of a people's foreign policy. And what is the check that the Constitution provides so that you can have a people's foreign policy? Well the president can't move in the field of foreign policy without an authorization act by the Congress of the United States. You see, these happen to be abstract principles of government involving basic procedural guarantees and who likes to think in terms of abstract principles of government, who likes to deal with a seemingly lifeless procedural form?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1092.94096,1180.71"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Ball:\u003c/strong\u003e First of all, I think there is a recognition on the part of the Congress that any president, if he is to conduct the foreign policy of the United States, effectively, must have a very considerable measure of discretion. And secondly, I think it's because there has been a very large consensus in this country on the broad directions of foreign policy and that Congress has shared the views of the President in large general terms as to where we should be going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1180.71,1205.686"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBourke Hickenlooper:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think there has been an ascendancy in the position of the executive in our government as our country has become more complex, as our economy and as international situations have become more complex. I might describe it this way Congress has said, in effect, some of these details are to minute and too rarified for a Congressional body or a big debating body to solve from day to day. And therefore, we are willing to turn over the administrative details. And in fact, we, we support the turning over of the administrative details to the executive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1205.686,1253.87111"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoesph Clark:\u003c/strong\u003e But generally speaking, it's pretty clear that the day to day conduct of foreign policy must be left in the hands of the president. No body of 100 men, Senate or 435 in the House are competent to stick their noses in under that tent and attempt to run it without creating a really chaotic condition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1253.87111,1275.76267"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Pastore:\u003c/strong\u003e If we in the Congress of the United States 435 members of the House of Representatives and 100 senators had to sit down and say, this will be the tariff on shoes and this will be the tariff on clothes and this will be the tariff on clothespins and this will be the tariff on nuts. And this will be the tariff on bolts. I mean, if we ever got into that, you can imagine the back scratching that would go on on the floor of the House, on the floor of the Senate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1275.76267,1299.75"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Ball:\u003c/strong\u003e And I think sometimes that there is a tendency on the part of some members of Congress to look rather narrowly at a particular problem as though it were a discrete, separate problem and could be treated that way. This, I think, is a mistake because there is no problem that can be isolated in that manner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1299.75,1316.39039"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBourke Hickenlooper:\u003c/strong\u003e The executive branch of government is always restless at any restraints that the Congress attempts to put on the executive branch. They want a free hand and they all they want is for Congress to give them the money and write the so-called authorization bill and then let them go forward as they see fit. Congress, on the other hand, sees so many instances of waste and instances where the Congress believes that bad judgment has been exercised. Or a less than forceful advancement of American interests has been engaged in, so that from time to time Congress says, well, we will take these reins back into our own hands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1316.39039,1363.91722"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Ball:\u003c/strong\u003e I think from time to time there have been actions taken by the Congress which have impaired the full effectiveness of of some of the efforts we may have been making. And I think that there are situations where a congressional attempt to put a specific restriction on on executive action in foreign policy matters can is not wise and does result in some impairment of the president's ability to carry out foreign policy effectively.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1363.91722,1394.11306"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWayne Morse:\u003c/strong\u003e I will support more money for foreign aid than any president under whom I have served has recommended. But a different kind of a foreign aid. All I'm asking for, for example, is that the Congress exercise its checks on the expenditure of funds under foreign aid. I don't propose to give to the A I D people, to the Department of State, to the Pentagon building. The power to spend millions of dollars with no checks placed upon them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1394.11306,1422.66"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJoesph Clark:\u003c/strong\u003e We are really under our constitutional system, not much more than a check or balance to the power of the executive. We can have some influence on his decisions. We can veto what he wants to do. But I would say it would be almost impossible for the Congress to take the lead itself in formulating overall foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1422.66,1440.78839"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Aiken:\u003c/strong\u003e The Senate Foreign Relations Committee does have great power, tremendous power, not only the power of the purse, the power of approving appointments the power of promotions. And I believe the time has come when we should exercise that power more lest we get the three branches of our government out of balance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1440.78839,1460.22108"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWayne Morse:\u003c/strong\u003e I think that there has been a growing trend in the last 20 years, toward the development in this country of a government by Executive supremacy rather than a government that our Constitution calls for, consisting of three coordinate and co-equal branches of government. And I say, quite frankly, if this trend does not stop toward a the development of a government by executive supremacy, the people of this country will eventually lose their freedoms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1460.22108,1493.08606"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Ball:\u003c/strong\u003e I think on the whole it works quite well. And if we if we fail to persuade Congress, I think most of the time it's our fault because when we believe in policies and and can articulate them, then I think by and large, Congress goes along with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1493.08606,1509.533"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Pastore:\u003c/strong\u003e And God help us when that partnership comes to an end. God help us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1509.533,1515.55"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWilliam Korns:\u003c/strong\u003e Foreign policy: whose affair? The Constitution says Congress shall provide for the common defense and declare war while the president shall make treaties by and with the advice of the Senate. But it says nothing about the power to make foreign policy. As we've come to understand that term today. Yet it's clear that Congress has long since conceded its inability to exercise that power and has gone along, by and large, with the policies developed by our president.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1515.55,1548.69835"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWilliam Korns:\u003c/strong\u003e Today, however, Congress is restive. Our mushrooming commitments in Vietnam, our sudden involvement in the Dominican Republic, have raised the specter of wider and deeper conflict. And Congress finds itself forced to express a confidence in presidential policies that many members do not feel. Is there some way the legislative branch might exercise greater influence over major policy decisions? None of those questioned on this program or elsewhere in Congress has offered any significant proposal. On the contrary, most senators and representatives plead the lack of time to tackle any problem thoroughly. The chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee himself, Senator Fulbright, has stated that the price of Democratic survival in an age of aggressive totalitarianism is to give up some of the democratic luxuries of the past. But Congress as a whole would like to have the best of both worlds genuine power and influence, and an effective, responsible foreign policy. And the debate we are hearing in and out of Congress is just beginning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1548.69835,1624.64362"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eWayne Morse:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did Americans ever get the idea that foreign policy under our Constitution belongs to the president?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1624.64362,1631.81"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Aiken:\u003c/strong\u003e I might add that the influence of the Congress over the foreign policy of the government is not at a high point right now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1631.81,1640.69"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGeorge Ball:\u003c/strong\u003e It would be almost impossible for Congress to take the lead itself in formulating overall foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1640.69,1645.87"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eJohn Pastore:\u003c/strong\u003e We have been fully apprized. I mean, the American public should be assured that anyone...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1645.87,1691.3495"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnnouncer:\u003c/strong\u003e Next week: From the White House to the Hill","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1691.3495,1711.03321"},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eAnnouncer:\u003c/strong\u003e this is NET, the National Educational Television Network","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343#t=1711.03321,1714.95"}]},{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://uoregon.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2300/collection_resources/141358/file/261343/transcript/76208/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/076/208/original/transcript_1740175919.vtt20250221-2577-s5acx5.vtt20250221-2577-s5acx5?1740175919","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/076/208/original/transcript_1740175919.vtt20250221-2577-s5acx5.vtt20250221-2577-s5acx5?1740175919"}]}]}]}